Supporting plate for mounting solar modules on a flat substrate and supporting plate panel

ABSTRACT

A supporting plate for mounting a rectangular flat solar module on a flat substrate includes a front edge, a rear edge and a first and a second side edge. At least three parallel trapezoidal profiles are evenly spaced on the supporting plate with respect to each other. The trapezoidal profiles extend continuously from the front edge to the rear edge with a first and a second of the trapezoidal profiles extending respectively along the side edges and a third of the trapezoidal profiles extending centrally on the supporting plate such that the front edge, the rear edge and the side edges enclose a rectangular area that corresponds to a rectangular area of the flat solar module. Each of the trapezoidal profiles include an upper side and continuously increase in height from the front edge to the rear edge so as to form, by the upper sides, an inclined direct bearing surface for the flat solar module. Intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles are configured as an accommodating area for a fixed weighting product and as a direct stand area of the supporting plate on the flat substrate, the stand area being between 2 and 3 times as large as the bearing surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS

Priority is claimed to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2010 023 562, filed on Jun. 9, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD

The invention relates to a supporting plate, which is used for mounting solar modules on a flat substrate, and to a supporting plate panel.

BACKGROUND

A moulded block is described in DE 33 46077 C2, which has two triangular side walls with rectangular cross section on a base plate, so that a solar module can be mounted in an inclined position. The moulded brick is open to the front and rear. A plurality of moulded blocks can be positioned in a row, without being connected to one another in the process. For impenetrable installation on a flat roof, the moulded block consists of a heavy material (concrete).

A supporting tray made from plastic, the rear wall of which is higher that the front wall, is for example described in DE 698 15 168 T2. A peripheral edge running in an inclined manner and onto which a solar module can be mounted results. The supporting tray can be combined with further supporting trays to form a row. For impenetrable installation on a flat roof, the supporting tray can be weighted down with concrete elements. A similar supporting tray, which is closed and can be filled with a fluid weighting product, is described in DE 10 2005 033 545 A1.

It is described in US 2009/0320907 A1 to support the frame of a solar module on one side with rectangular supporting arms, in order to achieve an inclining of the solar module. These supporting arms have connecting means, in order to be connected to the frames of further solar modules in rows and in columns, so that a solar module panel results. The individual solar modules with frames and supporting arms can be stacked for storage one above the other. Furthermore, wind deflectors can be provided between the supporting arms. In the corresponding US 2009/0320904 A1, a weighting tank between the supporting arms is additionally described.

A supporting plate with four corner posts made from concrete is described in DE 203 18 915 U1, on which supporting plate a solar module can be mounted in the fashion of an inverted table. In this case, all posts are equally long, so that inclined mounting does not result. A supporting plate which can be stacked for storage purposes is described in EP 2 040 014 A2, which has at least two mounting projections on a base plate, the rear projection being higher than the front projection, so that there is an incline for a mounted solar module. Open cavities are located between the mounting projections. For impenetrable mounting on a flat roof, the supporting plate can be weighted down in front of and behind the projections with stones. In this case, a plurality of supporting plates can be arranged next to one another in a row, the side edges of which supporting plates are placed onto a connecting element. Furthermore, a wind deflector can be provided between the projections.

It is described in DE 20 2004 019 681 U1 to rivet solar modules directly onto the trapezoidal profiles of a flat roof in rows and columns DE 10 2007 040 735 A1 describes a rectangular supporting plate for mounting a plurality of solar modules on a flat substrate, which consists of three trapezoidal profiles spaced evenly to one another, which run continuously along the two side edges and in the center of the plate, from the front edge of the supporting plate to the rear edge. In this case, all three trapezoidal profiles are of consistently even height and closely adjacent to one another, as is the case with a commercially available trapezoidal profile plate which can be obtained commercially as preassembled mass-produced goods. This can be up to 3 m wide and 10 m long, so that each trapezoidal profile plate is used for the mounting of a plurality of solar modules in rows and columns. The upper sides of the trapezoidal profiles take up almost the entire rectangular area of the trapezoidal profile plate and carry securing elements which form the bearing surface for the solar modules. The intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles are very narrow on account of the close adjacency and are used for mounting on transversely running elevation elements of the same height which lie in an impenetrable manner on the flat substrate. An inclined mounting of the solar modules results only by means of inclining of the flat substrate. Together with the elevation elements and the securing elements, the trapezoidal profiles form a lightweight grid structure, a peripheral frame with hold-down devices being provided for its securing. However, planes for elevating the supporting plate on the substrate and for mounting the solar modules on the supporting plate must be provided with the aid of securing elements. Additionally, the supporting plate only shows quite narrow webs between the trapezoidal profiles, which cannot be weighted down and also cannot be used as a secure stand area.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a supporting plate for mounting a rectangular flat solar module on a flat substrate. The supporting plate includes a front edge, a rear edge and a first and a second side edge. At least three parallel trapezoidal profiles are evenly spaced on the supporting plate with respect to each other. The trapezoidal profiles extend continuously from the front edge to the rear edge with a first and a second of the trapezoidal profiles extending respectively along the side edges and a third of the trapezoidal profiles extending centrally on the supporting plate such that the front edge, the rear edge and the side edges enclose a rectangular area that corresponds to a rectangular area of the flat solar module. Each of the trapezoidal profiles include an upper side and continuously increase in height from the front edge to the rear edge so as to form, by the upper sides, an inclined direct bearing surface for the flat solar module. Intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles are configured as an accommodating area for a fixed weighting product and as a direct stand area of the supporting plate on the flat substrate, the stand area being between 2 and 3 times as large as the bearing surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the supporting plate for mounting solar modules on a flat substrate according to the present invention are described in more detail hereinafter, on the basis of the schematic figures. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. Other features and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following detailed description with reference to the attached drawings which illustrate the following:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIGS. 2A, B, C show various embodiments of the trapezoidal profiles,

FIG. 3 shows a front view of the supporting plate according to FIG. 1 from above,

FIG. 4 shows a front view of the supporting plate according to FIG. 1 from behind,

FIG. 5 shows a front view of the supporting plate according to FIG. 1 from the front,

FIG. 6A shows a front view of the supporting plate according to FIG. 1 from the right,

FIG. 6B shows a front view of the supporting plate according to FIG. 1 from the left and

FIG. 7 shows a supporting plate panel made up of a plurality of supporting plates according to FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It is an aspect of the present invention to provide a generic supporting plate which can be handled particularly simply whilst retaining its lightweight properties and does not require any additional elevation or securing elements for the solar modules. Furthermore, the supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention should also enable an inclined mounting of the solar modules on a horizontal flat substrate. Embodiments of a panel made up of a plurality of supporting plates include these features as well.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a supporting plate, which is used for mounting solar modules on a flat substrate, with at least three parallel trapezoidal profiles which are spaced evenly to one another and in each case run continuously along the two side edges and centrally on the plate from the front edge of the supporting plate to the rear edge, all four edges enclosing a rectangular area. In another embodiment, a supporting plate panel with at least two adjacently arranged supporting plates is provided.

Due to the increasing prevalence of electricity-generating photovoltaic systems, flat substrates, for example in the form of flat roofs with an incline in a range of up to 5°, are also increasingly covered with solar modules. In this case, particularly the weight of the photovoltaic system applied plays a decisive role, as flat roofs cannot be loaded to any desired extent. An essential constituent of a photovoltaic system is the mounting which comprises a large part of the total weight. In order to save weight here, it is advantageous to provide a compact lightweight supporting construction for mounting solar modules.

in an embodiment, the supporting plate according to the present invention includes a dimensioning of the rectangular area in a region of the rectangular area of an individual rectangular flat solar module to be mounted. Thus, the supporting plate becomes particularly simple to handle. Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the upper sides of the trapezoidal profiles are constructed as direct bearing surfaces for the solar module to be mounted on the supporting plate and the intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles are constructed as direct stand areas for the supporting plate on the flat substrate. Further planes for elevating the supporting plate on the substrate and for mounting the solar modules on the supporting plate with the aid of securing elements are dispensed with in the supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention has a stand area which is twice to three-times as large as the bearing surface and at the same time is used as accommodating area for a fixed weighting product. Finally, the supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a height of the trapezoidal profiles which increases continuously from the front edge to the rear edge. By this measure, a simple yet effective incline of the bearing surface for the solar module is achieved, so that this can be directed optimally towards the incident sunlight during operation.

Different constructions of the surfaces in the bearing surface and the intermediate areas in the stand area result due to the increasing height of the trapezoidal profiles. If the surfaces and intermediate areas are likewise rectangular, then the side walls of the trapezoidal profiles have a curved course. Side areas which run in a planar fashion are more advantageous, however. Thus, a bearing surface made up of rectangular upper sides and a stand area made up of trapezoidal intermediate areas can preferably be used in embodiments of the present invention. Alternatively, a configuration of the bearing surface made up of trapezoidal upper sides and the stand area made up of rectangular intermediate areas is also advantageously possible. Constructions of this type can be produced particularly simply by means of deep drawing or casting methods. It is also particularly advantageous if the supporting plate can be stacked. To this end, the side areas of all trapezoidal profiles present preferably have an oblique course. In accordance with an example of preassembled simple trapezoidal profile plates, the supporting plates according to an embodiment of the present invention can then simply be stacked and stored above one another. A construction made from a lightweight and weatherproof plastic is particularly suitable in this case. A further improved handleability of the individual supporting plates results if handhold cutouts are provided in the outer side areas of the two outer trapezoidal profiles along the two side edges of the supporting plate. In the layout of the individual supporting plates, spacings in the region of the bearing surface result due to the oblique side areas of the outer trapezoidal profiles as well, however, which spacings can also be bridged simply. It is more beneficial however, in one embodiment, if the outer side areas of the two outer trapezoidal profiles run vertically along the two side edges of the supporting plate. As a result, although the stackability is somewhat less beneficial, the upper sides of the outer trapezoidal profiles of adjacent supporting plates form a mutually adjacent bearing surface. The solar modules, which with their side edges are terminated with the supporting plates, can as a result be laid out in a practically gapless manner in columns next to one another, which enables an optimal utilization of the substrate area.

At the rear edge, the trapezoidal profiles are higher than at the front edge of the supporting plate, due to the continuous rise according to an embodiment of the present invention. The large rear head area of the trapezoidal profiles can in this case be constructed orthogonally to the stand area of the supporting plate. If appropriate, undesirable surfaces exposed to the wind result due to this, however. In addition, the solar modules can be mounted so densely in rows one behind the other that they mutually shade one another, if appropriate. Preferably, the supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an oblique construction, inclined towards the supporting plate, of the head areas of the trapezoidal profiles at the rear edge of the supporting plate. These inclined areas offer the wind smaller areas of action and increase the spacing between the individual solar module rows, so that these cannot mutually shade one another. The head areas lie in the region of the trapezoidal profiles. Advantageously, the intermediate areas forming the stand area can also form a terminal wall with a height of the trapezoidal profiles along the rear edge of the supporting plate at least in the region of the trapezoidal profiles. A closed space which can be filled with a weighting product results. Analogously to the head areas of the trapezoidal profiles, the terminal wall can preferably also be constructed obliquely. For good airing of the supporting plates for heat dissipation and improved adhesion, ventilation openings can preferably be provided in the terminal wall. So that water present on the flat substrate flows away well in the region of the supporting plates, a drainage grid can advantageously be provided along the rear edge of the supporting plate, at least in the region of the stand surface between the trapezoidal profiles. Particularly preferred in one embodiment of the supporting plate however is a continuous terminal wall with a continuous drainage grid, as a combination of this type can be produced particularly simply. The rear head areas of the trapezoidal profiles are in this case simply integrated into the terminal wall. An opening is however advantageously provided in the terminal wall in the region of the head area of an outer trapezoidal profile. The connection socket of the solar module can for example be arranged under this side trapezoidal profile, which connection socket is easily reachable through the opening, including for the connection cable.

The upper sides of the trapezoidal profiles together form the direct bearing surface for the solar module. Fixing can for example take place by means of a single adhesive bonding. It is advantageous in this case if a longitudinal profile is provided in the upper sides of the trapezoidal profiles. Without reducing the actual supporting area, an improved unmounting by dissolving the bond of the solar module is enabled by the reduced bearing surface. An oblique terminal wall can, as detailed previously, preferably be provided at the rear edge of the supporting plates, which terminal wall ensures an increased spacing of the individual rows of the solar modules. An optimal spacing between the individual solar module rows results, however, if additionally a continuous catwalk is also provided along the front side of the supporting plate. As a result of this configuration, an optimal reachability of the solar modules is also enabled. Installers can pass between the individual rows and do not have to move on the solar modules themselves, as is often done in the prior art. Preferably, the catwalk can be constructed in a grid-like manner, so that, in spite of good surety of footing, it lets draining water through easily and does not comprise much weight, which is particularly advantageous if the catwalk is constructed integrally with the supporting plate. The terminal wall as well can readily be included integrally.

The supporting plates can be laid in a plurality of rows one behind the other, in this case, the supporting plates can simply be pushed against one another, so that they can also be removed or displaced individually at any time. For the overall stability of the solar module panel (also with respect to acting wind loads) it is also advantageous however, if connecting pieces are provided at the rear edge of the supporting plate and connecting bolts are provided at the front edge of the supporting plate or the catwalk, so that a plurality of supporting plates can be connected behind one another in columns. The connecting pieces can have angled slots, into which the connecting bolts can be clicked. Preferably, two connecting pieces can be provided in each case as extension of the outer side area of the two outer trapezoidal profiles. The associated two connecting bolts are then arranged in each case at the outer side areas of the two outer trapezoidal profiles. They can also be integrated into the side walls of the catwalk. For connecting the supporting plates in the rows, further connecting elements can furthermore preferably be provided in the region of the outer side areas of the two outer trapezoidal profiles. In this case, the further connecting elements can preferably be constructed in the form of a rail with a dovetail guide. Furthermore, a front further connecting element in the region of the front edge of the supporting plate or the catwalk and a rear further connecting element in the region of the rear edge of the supporting plate can be provided.

It has already been discussed many times that an entire supporting plate panel made up of a multiplicity of supporting plates arranged next to one another in rows and columns and for mounting a corresponding number of solar modules can advantageously also be formed with the supporting plate for mounting a solar module. In order to achieve a good securing of this supporting plate panel against acting wind loads, the stand areas of the supporting plates can preferably be weighted down with coarse-grained gravel as applied weighting product. Other solid weighting products, also in the form of large regular stones, can naturally likewise readily be introduced. The supporting plates according to an embodiment of the present invention have oblique trapezoidal profiles, on which the solar modules can be mounted in an inclined manner. Advantageously, all supporting plates in the supporting plate panel can therefore also have an orientation of the inclined bearing surfaces of the supporting plates towards sunlight incident during operation. It has likewise already been discussed that the individual supporting plates advantageously can be connected to one another in the individual rows and columns in a different manner. If, for the connection of the supporting plates in the rows, it is desired to have rails with a dovetail guide, sliding elements with a bilateral dovetail profile can advantageously be used, which are pushed into the dovetail profiles of the rails with dovetail guide between adjacent supporting plates. It has also already been discussed that the solar module can preferably easily be adhesively bonded onto the bearing surface of the supporting plate. Particularly preferably, for a supporting plate panel, frameless solar panels can therefore be applied as solar modules onto the bearing surfaces of the supporting plates by means of bonding. A particularly lightweight construction results from the lightweight supporting plates in connection with the lightweight solar panels, which lightweight construction can be arranged on smaller supporting flat substrates. Lifting off due to wind loads can be avoided easily by means of a corresponding weighting with a weighting product, so that an impenetrable laying of the supporting plates onto the flat substrate is possible. Especially in the case of flat substrates, the damage-free state of the roof skin is of particular importance for ensuring the water-tightness. In an individual case, for example in the event of particularly large acting wind loads, a tensioning of the supporting plate panel, for example by means of diagonal tensioning cables at least two points, can however also take place.

In FIG. 1, a rectangular supporting plate 01 for mounting solar modules on a flat substrate is illustrated in perspective top view. The supporting plate 01 is delimited at its two side edges 02, 03 by two outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05. A central trapezoidal profile 06 runs in the center of the supporting plate 01. All trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 run parallel to one another and continuously from the front edge 07 of the supporting plate 01 to the rear edge 08, all four edges 02, 03, 07, 08 enclosing a rectangular area 09. In this case, this rectangular area 09 is approximately as large as an individual flat solar module to be mounted (cf. FIG. 7).

In the exemplary embodiment, three trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 are illustrated. These are distributed evenly on the supporting plate 01. Thus, the number of required trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 are provided as a function of the size of the solar module to be mounted and thus of the size of the rectangular area 09. The outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05 are always present in the exemplary embodiment. Therebetween, depending on the size of the rectangular area 09, only one trapezoidal profile (central trapezoidal profile 06) or also a plurality of trapezoidal profiles may be arranged. For example, a further trapezoidal profile can be provided between the central trapezoidal profile 06 and the two outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05 in each case, so that there are five trapezoidal profiles in total on the supporting plate 01. Other numbers are likewise possible, the area ratios being taken into account as a function of the size of the rectangular area 09, however, as discussed further below.

All upper sides 10 of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 form a direct bearing surface 11 for the solar module to be mounted on the supporting plate 01. All intermediate areas 12 between the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 form a direct stand area 13 for the supporting plate 01 on the flat substrate, for example a flat roof inclined up to 5°. In this case, however, the stand area 13 is twice to three-times as large as the bearing surface 11. At the same time, the stand area 13 is also used as accommodating region 39 for a solid weighting product. All trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 show a continuous increase in their height h in their course from the front edge 07 to the rear edge 08 of the supporting plate (h₁→h₂), so that an incline of the bearing surface at an angle of incline a results.

The FIGS. 2A and 2B show possible forms of the upper sides 10 of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 and the intermediate areas 12 in detail. In the FIG. 2A, the upper sides 10 have a trapezoidal shape and the intermediate areas 12 have a rectangular shape. In the FIG. 2B, it is reversed: the upper sides 10 have a rectangular shape and the intermediate areas 12 have a trapezoidal shape. In both cases, a trapezoidal yet even planar shape results for the side areas 14 of the trapezoidal profiles 06. These configurations are particularly good for a stackability of the supporting plate 01 during product storage. In this case, the supporting plate 01 can preferably be produced from a plastic. In another embodiment, a rectangular shape of upper sides 10 and intermediate areas 12, wherein the side areas 14 have a curved trapezoidal course, is provided. In FIG. 2C, another outer trapezoidal profile 05 is illustrated, in which the outer side area 15 is constructed vertically, so that the outer trapezoidal profiles 04 of adjacent supporting plates 01 can adjoin gaplessly. The construction of vertical side areas 15, 16 is also implemented in the case of the supporting plate 01 according to FIG. 1 along the side edges 02 and 03.

An oblique construction inclined towards the supporting plate 01 of head areas 17 of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 at the rear edge 08 of the supporting plate 01 is furthermore illustrated in FIG. 1. A terminal wall 42 with the height h₂ of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 is arranged in the region of the intermediate areas 12, which terminal wall has the same incline as the head areas 17 of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06. In the outer side area 16 of the outer trapezoidal profile 05, a handhold cutout 18 is furthermore illustrated, which facilitates the laying of the supporting plate 01 onto the flat substrate. The outer side area 15 of the outer trapezoidal profile 04 likewise has a handhold cutout 18 of this type. Furthermore, longitudinal profiles 19, which facilitate an adhesive bonding of the solar modules, are illustrated in the upper sides 10 of the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06. A drainage grid 40 along the rear edge 08 of the supporting plate 01 in the region of the stand area 13 between the trapezoidal profiles 04, 05, 06 is likewise to be seen. The drainage grid 40 is used for the throughflow of water on the flat substrate. Furthermore, the terminal wall 42 has airing openings 20 which are used for dissipation of heat below the supporting plates 01 by means of air circulation and the reduction of surfaces exposed to the wind. The drainage grid 40 can likewise be used for the airing and ventilation as an airing opening 20. Finally, at the front edge 07 of the supporting plate 01, a grid-like catwalk 21 is shown, on which installers can walk between the individual solar module rows.

Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows connecting pieces 22 at the rear edge 08 of the supporting plate 01 which are arranged as an extension of the outer side areas 14, 15 of the two outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05. In addition, connecting bolts 23 are located at the front edge 24 of the catwalk 21, which are integrated in side walls 25, 26 of extensions 27, 28 of the two outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05. Due to the engagement of the connecting bolts 23 into the connecting pieces 22, the supporting plates 01 can be connected column-by-column securely, yet releasably, one behind the other. Openings 29 in the outer side areas 14, 15 of the outer trapezoidal profiles 04, 05 are likewise to be seen. These are used for the accommodation of further connecting elements for connection of the supporting plates 01 row-by-row next to one another. For example, this may concern one- or multiple-piece rails with dovetail guides, which are connected to one another by a common slide element as shown, for example, in FIG. 7.

The FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6A, B show the supporting plate 01 according to FIG. 1 in the corresponding front views (FIG. 3 from above, FIG. 4 from the rear, FIG. 5 from the front, FIG. 6A from the right, FIG. 6B from the left). The explanations of the reference numbers shown are to be drawn in accordance with FIG. 1. In addition, the FIG. 4 shows a further opening 30 in the head area 17 of the outer trapezoidal profile 05 of the supporting plate 01. A connection socket can be operated through this opening 30, which connection socket can be connected to the solar module via a further opening 31. In the FIG. 4, the terminal wall 42 is not illustrated continuously. The airing openings 20 are to be seen here. These are conceived in such a manner that the air flowing out is conducted away upwardly (cf. FIGS. 6A, B).

The FIG. 7 finally shows a supporting plate panel 32 made up of a multiplicity of individual supporting plates 01. A fixed weighting product 33 in the form of coarse-grained gravel applied onto the stand areas 12 of the supporting plates 01 is to be seen. An orientation of the inclined bearing surfaces 11 of the supporting plates 01 towards the incident direction 34 of sunlight incident during operation is furthermore shown. Sliding elements 35 with a bilateral dovetail profile, which are pushed into the dovetail profiles of rails 36 with dovetail guide as further connecting elements 43 between adjacent supporting plates 01, are likewise indicated (specifically in a detailed section). Applied by means of bonding onto the bearing surfaces 11 were frameless solar panels 37 as solar modules 41. The entire supporting plate panel 32 is laid on a flat substrate 38 in an impenetrable manner and fixed by the weighting product 33 and therefore easily secured against being lifted off by means of acting wind loads.

Modifications of the supporting plate according to embodiments of the present invention described herein can be used both alone and in any desired combinations with one another. Additionally, while the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those having ordinary skill the art that various changes may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Further, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein; reference should be had to the appended claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

-   01 Supporting plate -   02 Left side edge of 01 -   03 Right side edge of 01 -   04 Left outer trapezoidal profile -   05 Right outer trapezoidal profile -   06 Central trapezoidal profile -   07 Front edge of 01 -   08 Rear edge of 01 -   09 Rectangular area -   10 Upper side of 04, 05, 06 -   11 Inclined direct bearing surface made up of 10 -   12 Intermediate area between 04, 05, 06 -   13 Direct stand area made up of 12 -   14 Side area (oblique) of 04, 05, 06 -   15 Outer side area (vertical) of 04 -   16 Outer side area (vertical) of 05 -   17 Head area of 04, 05, 06 -   18 Handhold cutout in 15, 16 -   19 Longitudinal profile in 10 -   20 Airing opening -   21 Catwalk -   22 Connecting piece -   23 Connecting bolts -   24 Front edge of 21 -   25 Outer side wall of 27 -   26 Outer side wall of 28 -   27 Extension of 04 -   28 Extension of 05 -   29 Opening -   30 Opening -   31 Opening -   32 Supporting plate panel -   33 Fixed weighting product -   34 Incident direction -   35 Sliding element -   36 Rail -   37 Frameless solar panel -   38 Flat substrate -   39 Accommodating region -   40 Drainage grid -   41 Solar module -   42 Terminal wall -   43 Further connecting element -   h Height of 04, 05, 06 -   h₁ Height of 04, 05, 06 at 07 -   h₂ Height of 04, 05, 06 at 08 -   α Angle of incline (h₁→h₂) 

1. A supporting plate for mounting a rectangular flat solar module on a flat substrate, comprising: a front edge; a rear edge; a first and a second side edge; at least three parallel trapezoidal profiles evenly spaced on the supporting plate with respect to each other, the trapezoidal profiles extending continuously from the front edge to the rear edge, a first and a second of the trapezoidal profiles extending respectively along the side edges and a third of the trapezoidal profiles extending centrally on the supporting plate such that the front edge, the rear edge and the side edges enclose a rectangular area that corresponds to a rectangular area of the flat solar module, each of the trapezoidal profiles including an upper side and continuously increasing in height from the front edge to the rear edge so as to form, by the upper sides, an inclined direct bearing surface for the flat solar module; and intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles configured as an accommodating area for a fixed weighting product and as a direct stand area of the supporting plate on the flat substrate, the stand area being between 2 and 3 times as large as the bearing surface.
 2. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the bearing surface is formed from a rectangular shape of the upper sides and the stand area is formed from a trapezoidal shape of the intermediate areas.
 3. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the bearing surface is formed from a trapezoidal shape of the upper sides and the stand area is formed from a rectangular shape of the intermediate areas.
 4. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the supporting plate is formed from plastic and stackable within another supporting plate.
 5. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the first and second trapezoidal profiles include a vertically-oriented outer side area.
 6. The supporting plate according to claim 5, wherein the outer side areas include handhold cutouts.
 7. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein each of the trapezoidal profiles include an oblique construction inclined from a head area toward the supporting plate at the rear edge.
 8. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the upper sides of the trapezoidal profiles include a longitudinal profile.
 9. The supporting plate according to claim 1, further comprising a terminal wall having a height corresponding to a height of the trapezoidal profiles at the rear edge of the supporting plate, the terminal wall extending at least in a region of the trapezoidal profiles.
 10. The supporting plate according to claim 9, wherein the terminal includes an oblique construction.
 11. The supporting plate according to claim 9, wherein the terminal wall includes airing openings.
 12. The supporting plate according to claim 9, wherein the terminal wall extends continuously along the rear edge with a continuous drainage grid.
 13. The supporting plate according to claim 9, wherein at least one of the first and second trapezoidal profiles include a head area having an opening.
 14. The supporting plate according to claim 1, wherein the rear edge includes a drainage grid at least in a region of the stand area.
 15. The supporting plate according to claim 1, further comprising a catwalk extending along the front edge.
 16. The supporting plate according to claim 15, wherein the catwalk includes a grid-like construction.
 17. The supporting plate according to claim 1, further comprising connecting pieces disposed at the rear edge and connecting bolts disposed at least one of the front edge and a catwalk extending along the front edge such that a plurality of the supporting plates are connectable in columns one behind the other.
 18. The supporting plate according to claim 17, wherein two connecting pieces respectively extend from an outer side area of each of the first and second trapezoidal profiles, and two connecting bolts respectively extend from at least one of the catwalk and an outer side area of each of the first and second trapezoidal profiles.
 19. The supporting plate according to claim 1, further comprising connecting elements disposed in a region of outer side areas of each of the first and second trapezoidal profiles such that a plurality of the supporting plates are connectable in rows side by side.
 20. The supporting plate according to claim 19, wherein the connecting elements include a rail with a dovetail guide.
 21. The supporting plate according to claim 19, wherein the connecting elements include a front connecting element disposed in at the front edge and a rear connecting element disposed at the rear edge.
 22. A supporting plate panel for mounting rectangular flat solar modules on a flat substrate comprising: at least two supporting plates disposed adjacent to one another, each supporting plate comprising: a front edge; a rear edge; a first and a second side edge; at least three parallel trapezoidal profiles evenly spaced on the supporting plate with respect to each other, the trapezoidal profiles extending continuously from the front edge to the rear edge, a first and a second of the trapezoidal profiles extending respectively along the side edges and a third of the trapezoidal profiles extending centrally on the supporting plate such that the front edge, the rear edge and the two side edges enclose a rectangular area that corresponds to a rectangular area of one of the flat solar modules, each of the trapezoidal profiles including an upper side and continuously increasing in height from the front edge to the rear edge so as to form, by the upper sides, an inclined direct bearing surface for the one of the flat solar modules; and intermediate areas between the trapezoidal profiles configured as an accommodating area for a fixed weighting product and as a direct stand area of the supporting plate on the flat substrate, the stand area being between 2 and 3 times as large as the bearing surface, and wherein the fixed weighting product includes coarse-grained gravel is disposed in the stand areas of each of the supporting plates.
 23. The supporting plate panel according to claim 22, wherein the bearing surfaces are inclined so as to be oriented toward an incident direction of sunlight during operation.
 24. The supporting plate panel according to claim 22, wherein the at least two supporting plates are releasably affixed to one another in a row by sliding elements having a bilateral dovetail profile that are disposed in a dovetail guide of rails extending between the at least two supporting plates.
 25. The supporting plate panel according to claim 22, wherein the flat solar modules include a frameless solar panel bonded to each of the bearing surfaces.
 26. The supporting plate panel according to claim 22, wherein the at least two supporting plates are mounted on the flat substrate so as to be impenetrable. 